Drug Relapse: Symptoms, Causes, Stages, Treatment, and Prevention

Drug relapse is the return to drug use after a period of abstinence. It is a significant issue in addiction recovery, affecting individuals who have undergone addiction treatment. According to “Drugs, Brains, and Behavior. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration also states that about 85% of individuals relapse and return to drug use within the first year following treatment. 

Symptoms of drug relapse include cravings for the substance, increased tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms when not using the drug. Behavioral signs such as isolation, neglect of responsibilities, and engaging in risky behaviors are also common. Emotional changes like irritability, anxiety, and depression often accompany these physical and behavioral symptoms.

The primary causes of drug relapse include stress, exposure to triggers or environments associated with past drug use, and co-occurring mental health disorders. Lack of support systems and ineffective coping mechanisms also contribute to the likelihood of relapse. Biological factors, such as changes in brain chemistry, play a significant role in the relapse process.

Drug relapse typically occurs in three stages: emotional, mental, and physical. Emotional relapse involves negative emotional responses and poor self-care habits. Mental relapse includes intense cravings and rationalizing drug use, while physical relapse is the actual return to drug use.

Treatment for drug relapse involves a combination of medical, therapeutic, and support strategies. Behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and participation in support groups are crucial for addressing underlying issues and maintaining long-term recovery.

Relapse prevention strategies include developing a comprehensive relapse prevention plan, identifying and avoiding triggers, and maintaining a strong support network. Regular participation in therapy and support groups, as well as practicing healthy lifestyle habits, are essential.

What Is Drug Relapse?

Drug relapse is the return to drug use after a period of abstinence, often following treatment for addiction. It is a significant issue in addiction recovery because it underscores the chronic nature of addiction and the necessity for continuous management and support.

 According to “Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction” by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 2020), 40-60% of individuals who undergo addiction treatment experience relapse. This high rate of relapse illustrates the challenges of sustaining long-term sobriety and highlights the need for robust relapse prevention strategies.

Relapse occurs because addiction fundamentally alters brain chemistry and neural pathways, making individuals more susceptible to returning to drug use even after extended periods of abstinence. 

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA, 2019) reports that about 85% of individuals relapse and return to drug use within the first year following treatment. This statistic reveals that the first year post-treatment is particularly critical and requires intensive support and monitoring to help individuals maintain their sobriety.

The issue of relapse is not just about the return to drug use but also about the potential for severe consequences, including overdose, deteriorating mental and physical health, and the erosion of progress made during treatment. 

Understanding the factors that contribute to relapse, such as stress, exposure to drug-related cues, and underlying mental health conditions, is essential for developing comprehensive treatment plans that address these risks. 

Furthermore, recognizing the signs of relapse early and intervening promptly can prevent a full-blown return to addictive behaviors, making relapse prevention an integral part of addiction recovery.

What Are the Common Drug Relapse Signs and Symptoms?

Drug relapse manifests through a variety of signs and symptoms, which can be categorized into physical, psychological, behavioral, and social dimensions. Recognizing these signs early can help in intervening before a full-blown relapse occurs.

Physical Symptoms of Drug Relapse

• Cravings: Intense urges or cravings for the drug are a key physical symptom of relapse. These cravings can be triggered by exposure to drug-related cues or stress and can be overwhelming and difficult to resist.
• Increased Tolerance: An individual may begin to require larger amounts of the drug to achieve the same effects. This increased tolerance indicates a physical dependency and a significant risk of relapse.
• Withdrawal Symptoms: Physical withdrawal symptoms such as sweating, shaking, nausea, headaches, and muscle pain can occur when the individual is not using the drug. These symptoms often drive the individual to resume drug use to alleviate the discomfort.
• Changes in Appetite: Noticeable changes in appetite, either an increase or decrease, can signal a relapse. This may be accompanied by significant weight loss or gain.
• Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia or excessive sleeping can be a physical indicator of relapse. Disrupted sleep patterns can exacerbate other physical and psychological symptoms.

Psychological Symptoms of Drug Relapse

• Mood Swings: Significant mood swings, including irritability, anger, and depression, are common psychological symptoms of relapse. These emotional fluctuations can destabilize an individual’s recovery efforts.
• Anxiety and Depression: Increased levels of anxiety and depression can indicate a relapse is imminent. These feelings may stem from stress, guilt, or the challenges of coping without the drug.
• Obsessive Thoughts: Preoccupation with thoughts about using the drug or romanticizing past drug use is a strong psychological indicator of relapse. This obsessive thinking can undermine recovery and increase the likelihood of returning to drug use.
• Loss of Motivation: A marked decrease in motivation to engage in daily activities, work, or hobbies can be a psychological sign of relapse.
• Cognitive Impairment: Difficulty concentrating, making decisions, or remembering things can indicate psychological stress associated with relapse.

Behavioral Symptoms of Drug Relapse 

• Neglect of Responsibilities: A noticeable decline in fulfilling responsibilities at work, school, or home can signal a relapse. The individual may start to miss important commitments, show decreased performance, or lose interest in previously important activities.
• Risky Behaviors: Engaging in risky behaviors, such as seeking out old drug-using friends or visiting places associated with past drug use, indicates a behavioral relapse. These actions suggest a return to the patterns of behavior linked to addiction.
• Secretive Behavior: Increased secrecy about activities, changes in routine, and avoidance of conversations about recovery can be warning signs. This secretive behavior often accompanies a return to drug use.
• Changes in Routine: Abrupt changes in daily routines or habits, such as altering sleep schedules or meal times, can indicate a relapse.
• Financial Irregularities: Unexplained financial problems or spending money on unknown activities can be a sign of relapse, as the individual may be using funds to purchase drugs.

Social Symptoms of Drug Relapse

• Isolation: Withdrawing from family, friends, and support networks is a significant social symptom of relapse. The individual may avoid social interactions and become more isolated as they relapse.
• Conflict with Loved Ones: Increased conflict and strained relationships with family and friends can indicate a relapse. These conflicts may arise from the individual’s irritability, secrecy, or neglect of relationships.
• Loss of Interest in Social Activities: A noticeable decline in participating in social or recreational activities that were previously enjoyed. The individual may stop attending support group meetings or engaging in hobbies and social events.
• Change in Social Circle: Associating with old friends who use drugs or engaging with new acquaintances who encourage drug use can be a sign of relapse.
• Decreased Communication: Reduced communication with supportive friends, family, or therapists can indicate a withdrawal from the recovery process.

Recognizing these signs and symptoms early is crucial for preventing a complete relapse. Interventions at this stage can involve increased support, therapy, and possibly medical intervention to help the individual regain control and continue their recovery journey.

What Are the Causes of Drug Relapse?

Drug relapse occurs due to a variety of factors like stress, exposure to drugs, lack of support systems, co-occurring mental health disorders, ineffective coping strategies, cravings, and poor lifestyle changes. Understanding these causes is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies.

1. Stress and Emotional Triggers

Stress is one of the most significant causes of drug relapse. Life stressors such as financial difficulties, relationship problems, and work-related stress increase the risk of relapse. Emotional triggers, such as feelings of sadness, anger, or loneliness, can also drive individuals to seek relief through drug use. 

According to “Relapse Prevention” by Marlatt and Donovan, Guilford Press (2005), managing stress and emotional health is critical in preventing relapse. An individual experiencing job loss and financial instability may turn to drug use as a coping mechanism for the stress and anxiety caused by their situation.

2. Exposure to Drug-Related Cues

Exposure to environments, people, or objects associated with past drug use can trigger powerful cravings and memories, leading to relapse. These cues can be anything from visiting a neighborhood where drugs were used to seeing paraphernalia. The brain’s conditioned response to these cues creates a strong urge to use drugs again.

A person who used to buy drugs from a specific location may experience intense cravings and memories when passing by that area, increasing the likelihood of relapse.

3. Lack of Support Systems

Having a strong support system is essential for maintaining sobriety. Individuals without adequate social support from family, friends, or support groups are at a higher risk of relapse. Support systems provide emotional encouragement, accountability, and practical assistance, which are vital for long-term recovery. An individual without supportive family or friends may feel isolated and turn back to drug use as a way to cope with loneliness.

4. Co-occurring Mental Health Disorders

Many individuals with substance use disorders also suffer from co-occurring mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These conditions can exacerbate the challenges of maintaining sobriety and increase the likelihood of relapse. 

Effective treatment plans must address both addiction and mental health issues to reduce relapse risk. A person with untreated depression may struggle to cope with their emotions without the drug, leading to a higher risk of relapse.

5. Ineffective Coping Mechanisms

Individuals who lack effective coping strategies for dealing with stress, emotions, and cravings are more likely to relapse. Developing healthy coping mechanisms, such as mindfulness, exercise, and therapy, is crucial for managing the challenges of recovery. 

According to “Relapse Prevention Therapy” by Gorski and Miller, Independence Press (1986), training in coping skills can significantly reduce relapse rates. Someone who uses drugs to cope with social anxiety may relapse if they haven’t developed alternative coping strategies, such as practicing mindfulness or attending therapy.

6. Overconfidence in Recovery

Overconfidence or complacency in recovery leads individuals to believe they are no longer at risk of relapse. This false sense of security results in neglecting relapse prevention strategies, skipping support meetings, or underestimating the power of triggers and cravings. 

Maintaining vigilance and ongoing participation in recovery activities is essential. A person who feels they are “cured” after a few months of sobriety may stop attending support group meetings, increasing their risk of relapse.

7. Physical and Psychological Cravings

Persistent physical and psychological cravings for the drug are a powerful driver of relapse. These cravings are often triggered by stress, exposure to drug-related cues, or emotional distress. 

Managing cravings through medication, therapy, and support helps mitigate this risk. A person may experience intense cravings for opioids during a period of high stress, leading to relapse if not managed effectively.

8. Lifestyle Imbalances

A lack of balance in lifestyle factors, such as poor sleep, unhealthy diet, and lack of exercise, contribute to relapse. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle supports overall well-being and resilience against stress and cravings, which are critical for sustained recovery.

An individual who does not maintain a regular exercise routine or healthy diet may feel physically and mentally unwell, increasing their susceptibility to relapse.

9. Social and Environmental Factors

Social and environmental factors, such as peer pressure, availability of drugs, and living in a high-risk environment, increase the likelihood of relapse. Changing one’s social and physical environment to minimize exposure to these risks is an important step in relapse prevention.

Living in a neighborhood where drugs are easily accessible can pose a constant temptation for someone in recovery, making relapse more likely.

Understanding and addressing these causes of drug relapse is essential for developing comprehensive treatment plans and support systems that help individuals maintain long-term sobriety.

What Are The Three Stages Of Relapse?

Drug relapse typically occurs in three stages: emotional, mental, and physical. Understanding these stages and their indicators can help in early detection and intervention to prevent a full relapse.

1. Emotional Relapse

Emotional relapse is the first stage, where individuals may not be actively thinking about using drugs but are setting themselves up for a potential relapse through poor emotional health and self-care. 

According to “Relapse Prevention” by Marlatt and Donovan, Guilford Press (2005), emotional relapse is marked by behaviors and emotions that lead to isolation and neglect of recovery efforts.

Example: Jane, who has been in recovery for six months, begins to isolate herself from her support group and family, experiencing frequent mood swings and neglecting her self-care routines. These behaviors are early signs of emotional relapse.

Indicators of Emotional Relapse include:

1. Anxiety: Increased feelings of stress and anxiety are common indicators. The individual may feel overwhelmed by everyday tasks and responsibilities.
2. Mood Swings: Frequent mood swings, irritability, and emotional instability can signal an emotional relapse. The person may feel easily angered or upset.
3. Isolation: Withdrawing from social interactions and support networks is a key indicator. The individual may avoid friends, family, and support groups.
4. Poor Self-Care: Neglecting self-care routines, such as regular eating, sleeping, and hygiene, is a sign of emotional relapse.
5. Denial: Denying the need for help or refusing to acknowledge early signs of stress and emotional turmoil can contribute to this stage.

2. Mental Relapse

Mental relapse is the second stage, where individuals begin to struggle with cravings and thoughts of using drugs. This stage involves an internal battle between wanting to use and not wanting to relapse. According to “Relapse Prevention Therapy” by Gorski and Miller, Independence Press (1986), mental relapse is characterized by obsessive thinking about drug use.

Example: John, who has been sober for a year, starts to think about how good it feels to use drugs and begins lying to his therapist about these thoughts. He also starts visiting old friends who still use drugs, which are clear signs of mental relapse.

Indicators of Mental Relapse include:

1. Cravings: Intense cravings for the drug are a primary indicator. The individual may have obsessive thoughts about using and fantasize about the effects of the drug.
2. Glamorizing Past Use: Romanticizing past drug use and remembering the perceived positives while ignoring the negatives can indicate mental relapse.
3. Lying: Being dishonest about activities, whereabouts, or feelings is a significant indicator. The person may lie to cover up thoughts or plans related to drug use.
4. Thinking About Relapse Opportunities: Planning or fantasizing about ways to use drugs without getting caught is a clear sign. The individual might start considering how they could relapse without facing immediate consequences.
5. Engaging with Old Friends: Reconnecting with people from past drug-using circles or visiting places associated with drug use can signal mental relapse.

3. Physical Relapse

Physical relapse is the final stage, where the individual returns to drug use. It often occurs quickly and can escalate from a single lapse to a full-blown relapse. According to “Relapse Prevention: Maintenance Strategies in the Treatment of Addictive Behaviors” by Marlatt and Gordon, Guilford Press (1985), physical relapse involves the actual act of using the drug again.

Example: After a stressful week, Lisa, who has been clean for two years, decides to use drugs just once. This quickly escalates into regular use, causing her to miss work and engage in risky behaviors like driving while intoxicated, indicating a physical relapse.

Indicators of Physical Relapse include:

1. Using the Drug: The most evident indicator is the actual use of the drug. Even a single instance of use can rapidly lead to regular use.
2. Loss of Control: The inability to stop or control drug use once it has started is a clear sign of physical relapse.
3. Neglecting Responsibilities: Missing work, school, or other obligations due to drug use indicates a serious relapse. The individual may prioritize drug use over important aspects of life.
4. Withdrawal Symptoms: Experiencing withdrawal symptoms again after resuming drug use is an indicator that relapse has occurred.
5. Engaging in Risky Behaviors: Taking significant risks, such as driving under the influence or using in unsafe environments, indicates a full relapse.

Understanding the stages of relapse and their indicators allows for early intervention and the implementation of strategies to support recovery. Recognizing these signs can help individuals and their support networks take proactive steps to prevent a full-blown relapse.

What Treatment Options Are Available For Individuals Who Have Relapsed?

Treatment options available for individuals who have relapsed include medical treatments, behavioral therapies, and support systems that work together to help individuals regain control over their addiction. According to “Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction” by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 2020), a combination of therapies and services can meet the specific needs of each person, significantly improving treatment outcomes.

Medical Treatments

Medical treatments often play a critical role in managing relapse. Medications help reduce cravings, manage withdrawal symptoms, and treat co-occurring mental health disorders.

• Medications for Cravings and Withdrawal: Medications such as methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone are used to manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms for opioid addiction. For alcohol addiction, medications like disulfiram, naltrexone, and acamprosate can be effective.
• Treatment for Co-occurring Disorders: Many individuals with addiction also suffer from mental health disorders. Medications such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs can help manage these co-occurring conditions, reducing the risk of relapse.

Behavioral Therapies

Behavioral therapies are crucial for addressing the underlying psychological aspects of addiction. These therapies help individuals change their thinking and behavior patterns related to drug use.

• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT helps individuals recognize and avoid triggers, develop coping strategies, and change harmful thought patterns. It is one of the most effective therapies for preventing relapse.
• Motivational Interviewing (MI): MI is a counseling approach that helps individuals find the motivation to change their behavior. It is particularly useful for individuals who are ambivalent about their recovery.
• Contingency Management (CM): CM uses positive reinforcement to encourage sobriety. Individuals receive rewards for maintaining abstinence, which can help reinforce positive behavior.

Support Systems

Strong support systems are essential for long-term recovery. Support can come from family, friends, peer groups, and professional counselors.

• Peer Support Groups: Groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) provide a supportive community of individuals who share similar experiences. These groups offer emotional support and practical advice for maintaining sobriety.
• Family Therapy: Involving family members in therapy can help improve communication, resolve conflicts, and create a supportive home environment. It also addresses the dynamics that may contribute to relapse.
• Professional Counseling: Regular sessions with a counselor or therapist can provide ongoing support and guidance. Professional counselors can help individuals navigate the challenges of recovery and develop strategies for preventing future relapses.

Inpatient and Outpatient Treatment Programs

Depending on the severity of the relapse, individuals may benefit from inpatient or outpatient treatment programs.

• Inpatient Treatment: Inpatient programs provide intensive, round-the-clock care in a structured environment. These programs are suitable for individuals who need a high level of support and supervision.
• Outpatient Treatment: Outpatient programs offer flexibility for individuals to attend treatment sessions while continuing with their daily responsibilities. These programs are ideal for those who have a stable home environment and can manage their recovery with less intensive support.

Aftercare and Continuing Care

Aftercare programs provide ongoing support to help individuals maintain their sobriety after completing initial treatment.

• Sober Living Homes: Sober living homes offer a supportive, substance-free environment for individuals in recovery. They provide structure and accountability while allowing residents to gradually reintegrate into society.
• Continued Therapy: Ongoing therapy sessions can help individuals address new challenges as they arise and reinforce the skills learned during treatment. They are essential for long-term recovery.
• Relapse Prevention Plans: Developing a comprehensive relapse prevention plan with the help of a therapist or counselor can help individuals identify triggers, create coping strategies, and outline steps to take if they experience a relapse.

Understanding the available treatment options and implementing a comprehensive approach can significantly improve the chances of maintaining sobriety and preventing future relapses.

What Are Relapse Prevention Strategies?

Relapse prevention strategies include creating a plan, using behavioral techniques, developing support systems, implementing lifestyle changes, and monitoring continuously. According to “Relapse Prevention: Maintenance Strategies in the Treatment of Addictive Behaviors” by Marlatt and Donovan, Guilford Press (2005), effective relapse prevention requires a comprehensive approach tailored to the individual’s needs.

Developing a Relapse Prevention Plan

Creating a personalized relapse prevention plan is a critical step in maintaining sobriety. This plan should identify triggers, outline coping strategies, and include steps to take if relapse warning signs appear.

• Identifying Triggers: Recognizing and understanding personal triggers, such as stress, certain environments, or social situations, helps individuals prepare and avoid these risks.
• Coping Strategies: Developing effective coping strategies to manage cravings and stress is essential. Techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing exercises, and cognitive-behavioral strategies can be useful.
• Action Steps: The plan should include clear steps to take when warning signs of relapse appear, such as contacting a sponsor, attending a support group meeting, or reaching out to a therapist.

Building a Strong Support Network

Having a robust support network is crucial for relapse prevention. Support from family, friends, peers, and professionals provides emotional encouragement and practical assistance.

• Family and Friends: Engaging family and friends in the recovery process helps build a supportive environment. Family therapy can improve communication and resolve conflicts, strengthening the support system.
• Peer Support Groups: Participation in peer support groups, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA), provides a sense of community and shared experiences. These groups offer mutual support and accountability.
• Professional Support: Regular sessions with a therapist or counselor provide ongoing guidance and help individuals navigate challenges in their recovery journey.

Lifestyle Modifications

Making positive lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of relapse. Healthy habits support overall well-being and resilience against stress and cravings.

• Regular Exercise: Incorporating regular physical activity into daily routines helps reduce stress and improve mood. Exercise releases endorphins, which can naturally combat cravings.
• Healthy Diet: Maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet supports physical health and mental clarity. Proper nutrition can stabilize mood and energy levels.
• Adequate Sleep: Ensuring sufficient and quality sleep is essential for emotional regulation and cognitive function. Poor sleep can increase vulnerability to stress and relapse.

Stress Management Techniques

Effective stress management is crucial in relapse prevention. Learning to handle stress through healthy methods can prevent it from becoming a trigger for relapse.

• Mindfulness and Meditation: Practicing mindfulness and meditation helps individuals stay present and manage stress. These techniques reduce anxiety and improve emotional regulation.
• Relaxation Techniques: Techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and yoga can help calm the mind and body, reducing stress and tension.
• Time Management: Developing good time management skills helps individuals balance responsibilities and avoid feeling overwhelmed. Prioritizing tasks and setting realistic goals can reduce stress.

Continued Therapy and Counseling

Ongoing therapy and counseling are vital components of relapse prevention. Continuous professional support helps address underlying issues and reinforces coping strategies.

• Individual Therapy: Regular sessions with a therapist help individuals work through personal challenges and maintain progress in their recovery. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is particularly effective for relapse prevention.
• Group Therapy: Group therapy provides a supportive environment where individuals can share their experiences and learn from others. It helps reduce feelings of isolation and fosters a sense of community.
• Family Therapy: Involving family members in therapy sessions can strengthen the support system and address any familial issues that may contribute to relapse.

Monitoring and Accountability

Continuous monitoring and accountability are essential to prevent relapse. Regular check-ins with support networks and self-monitoring can help identify early warning signs.

• Regular Check-Ins: Scheduling regular check-ins with a sponsor, therapist, or support group helps maintain accountability and provides ongoing support.
• Self-Monitoring: Keeping a journal to track thoughts, feelings, and behaviors can help individuals identify patterns and recognize early signs of relapse.
• Urine Testing: For some individuals, regular urine testing can be a useful tool to ensure accountability and monitor abstinence.

Education and Skill Development

Education about addiction and the development of new skills can empower individuals to manage their recovery effectively.

• Relapse Education: Understanding the nature of addiction and relapse helps individuals recognize its signs and develop proactive strategies to avoid it.
• Skill Development: Learning new skills, such as effective communication, problem-solving, and assertiveness, enhances individuals’ ability to cope with challenges without resorting to drug use.

Implementing these comprehensive relapse prevention strategies can significantly improve the chances of maintaining long-term sobriety and leading a healthier, more fulfilling life.

Can Meditation Help Prevent Relapse?

Yes, meditation can be a powerful tool in preventing relapse. By promoting relaxation and reducing stress, meditation helps individuals manage cravings and maintain emotional balance. Regular practice of mindfulness meditation enhances self-awareness, allowing individuals to recognize and address triggers before they lead to relapse, supporting long-term recovery.

How Does Nutrition Impact Relapse Prevention?

Proper nutrition plays a significant role in relapse prevention. A balanced diet helps stabilize mood and energy levels, which are crucial for maintaining mental and physical health. Nutrient-rich foods can reduce stress and improve overall well-being, making individuals less susceptible to cravings and the emotional triggers that can lead to relapse.

What Role Does Sleep Play in Preventing Relapse?

Adequate sleep is essential for relapse prevention. Quality sleep supports emotional regulation, cognitive function, and overall health. Lack of sleep can increase stress and impair decision-making, making individuals more vulnerable to relapse. Establishing a regular sleep routine and creating a restful sleep environment can significantly enhance recovery efforts.

How Can Creative Activities Aid in Relapse Prevention?

Engaging in creative activities such as painting, writing, or playing music can aid in relapse prevention by providing a healthy outlet for emotions and reducing stress. These activities promote a sense of accomplishment and well-being, diverting focus from cravings and negative thoughts, thereby supporting mental health and long-term sobriety.

Is It Important to Change Social Circles to Prevent Relapse?

Changing social circles can be crucial for preventing relapse. Surrounding oneself with supportive, sober individuals helps reinforce positive behaviors and reduces exposure to triggers and peer pressure associated with drug use. Building a new, healthy social network is an important step in maintaining sobriety and avoiding environments that may lead to relapse.

Can Exercise Routines Help in Preventing Relapse?

Regular exercise routines are highly beneficial for relapse prevention. Exercise releases endorphins, which improve mood and reduce stress, helping to manage cravings. Physical activity also provides a structured, positive focus and promotes overall health, making it easier to maintain a balanced lifestyle and resist the urge to use drugs.